by Agnese J

What's in E-Liquid? Ingredients and UK Rules Explained

What goes into an e-liquid (PG, VG, flavourings and nicotine), and ...
What's in E-Liquid? Ingredients and UK Rules Explained

Most e-liquids are made from four kinds of ingredient. Here is what each one does, and the rules a nicotine e-liquid has to meet before it can be sold in the UK.

The ingredients

  • Propylene glycol (PG): a thin liquid that carries flavour well and gives more throat feel.
  • Vegetable glycerine (VG): a thicker, slightly sweet liquid that produces more vapour.
  • Flavourings: blended to create each flavour, from AISU Aloe Vera to ZAP! Juice Melonade.
  • Nicotine: either freebase nicotine or nicotine salt. Nicotine-free liquids, such as our 50ml 0mg shortfills, contain none.

The VG/PG ratio is printed on every bottle. Our nic salts and bar salts contain nicotine (5mg/ml to 20mg/ml) and are 50VG/50PG; our 0mg shortfills are 70VG/30PG. Our guide to nicotine e-liquids vs nic salts explains the difference between the two types of nicotine.

UK rules for nicotine e-liquid

Under the Tobacco and Related Products Regulations 2016, nicotine e-liquid sold in the UK must:

  • come in refill bottles of no more than 10ml
  • contain no more than 20mg/ml of nicotine
  • use child-resistant, tamper-evident packaging
  • carry the required nicotine warning and an ingredients list
  • leave out certain additives, including colourings, caffeine and taurine
  • be notified to the MHRA before it goes on sale.

The UK vaping duty

From 1 October 2026, e-liquid sold in the UK carries Vaping Products Duty, including nicotine-free liquid. Duty stamps are also being introduced for vaping products; GOV.UK has the dates.

Where ours are made

Our ZAP! Juice and AISU e-liquids are mixed and bottled at our site in Manchester, and all our current nicotine products are notified to the MHRA for sale in the UK. Browse the AISU range or ZAP! Juice.

Our products are for adults aged 18 and over.

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